Seafood and Microplastic Contamination
Plastic particles enter our food supply largely through single-use plastics that degrade and infiltrate waterways and soil. When these plastics reach the ocean, they accumulate in seafood. According to Dr. Mercola, microplastics are ingested by plankton and then consumed by fish and shellfish, where the particles accumulate in their flesh and eventually reach our plates. A Portland State University study found microplastics in 180 out of 182 seafood samples tested, with microfibers being the most common type. To reduce intake, avoid eating filter feeders and bottom feeders like clams, mussels, oysters, catfish, halibut, flounder, and cod, which tend to contain higher microplastic levels. Also, choose seafood packaged sustainably instead of wrapped in plastic.
Tea Bags as a Source of Microplastics
Many tea bags are made using polypropylene, a type of plastic, and even paper bags can contain microplastics. When exposed to hot water, these bags release microplastic particles into the tea. Research from the Autonomous University of Barcelona revealed that polypropylene tea bags release billions of plastic particles, while nylon and cellulose bags release millions. To avoid this, switch to loose-leaf tea and use a stainless steel diffuser to enjoy microplastic-free tea.
Microplastics in Rice
Rice is another food commonly contaminated with microplastics. A study by the University of Queensland found that every half cup of rice contains between 3 to 4 milligrams of plastic, with instant rice packets containing about four times that amount. Washing rice before cooking can reduce plastic contamination by 20% to 40%, though the study’s rinsing used filtered water.
Salt and Sugar Contamination
Salt, a staple seasoning, often contains microplastics due to environmental pollution and the production and packaging processes, which frequently involve plastic. A study showed that 90% of 39 salt brands worldwide had microplastic contamination. Microplastics have also been found in sugar. To limit exposure, buy salt and sugar packaged in glass or cardboard rather than plastic.
Bottled Water and Plastic Particles
Bottled water is a well-known source of micro- and nanoplastics. One study estimated that a liter of bottled water contains roughly 240,000 plastic particles. Most bottles are made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which sheds particles when squeezed or heated. Other types of nanoplastics have also been detected. Drinking tap water stored in glass or stainless steel containers reduces the risk of ingesting microplastics.
Honey and Microplastic Presence
Microplastics have been detected in honey, even when stored in glass jars. These particles can originate from bees and environmental pollution. Studies suggest that honeybees may carry and disperse microplastics, contaminating honey. Purchasing honey from local beekeepers who use natural and sustainable methods may help reduce contamination risks.
Fruits and Vegetables Uptake Microplastics
Fruits and vegetables, vital to a balanced diet, can also harbor microplastics. Research identified apples as the most contaminated fruit and carrots as the most contaminated vegetable. Plants absorb micro- and nanoplastics from soil through their roots, which contaminates the edible parts. While there’s insufficient evidence that plastic packaging transfers microplastics to produce, it’s advisable to wash fruits thoroughly, peel when possible, and select local or organic options.
Proteins and Processed Foods Contain Microplastics
A recent Ocean Conservancy study found microplastics present in 88% of vegetable and animal proteins. Highly processed protein products—such as plant-based alternatives, fish sticks, and chicken nuggets—contain the highest microplastic levels, likely due to food processing. Breaded shrimp averaged 300 microplastic pieces per serving, while plant-based nuggets had about 100. Contamination also arises from animal feed and environmental exposure. Despite this, protein remains essential, and further research is needed to understand the health impacts.
